INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN PRINCIPLES IN LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (LMS) TO IMPROVE CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS

Abstract

The advancement of the times characterized by technological developments requires students to have critical thinking skills as one of the main competencies in facing the challenges of the 21st century. The main purpose of this paper is to suggest and emphasize the principles of instructional design on an effective LMS to improve critical thinking skills, an essential competency that learners must have. Through the literature review method, this paper provides a theoretical foundation related to instructional design principles that are relevant in supporting LMS-based learning. The results of this study are expected to be useful for teachers and educational institutions as a guide to design and utilize LMS optimally, so as to improve students' critical thinking skills and answer the challenges of education in the 21st century.