THE EFFECT OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE IMPLEMENTATION, UTILIZATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY, AND OPERATIONAL DIGITALIZATION ON OPERATIONAL COST EFFICIENCY AT PT POS INDONESIA (PERSERO)

Abstract

Transformation towards sustainable, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective operations has become a strategic need for PT Pos Indonesia (Persero) amid increasing competition in the logistics sector. This study examines the impact of electric vehicle implementation, renewable energy utilization, and operational digitalization on operational cost efficiency. The underlying problem lies in the realization of these initiatives that are not optimal due to gaps in system integration, lack of use of environmentally friendly technology, and lack of data-based performance evaluation. Causal-associative quantitative methods were used in this study.  Data was gathered via a structured questionnaire distributed to 165 employees from the operations and logistics divisions. These employees are directly involved in the implementation of digital logistics devices, solar energy systems, and electric vehicles.  The results of the study, which was conducted using SMARTPLS 4.0 and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), showed that the implementation of electric vehicles had a positive and significant effect on cost efficiency (coefficient = 0.268, p-value = 0.000). The use of renewable energy also showed a significant positive influence (coefficient = 0.336, p-value = 0.000). Operational digitalization has the strongest influence (coefficient = 0.306, p-value = 0.000). These findings show that the integration of these three elements of innovation contributes to a substantial increase in cost efficiency in PT Pos Indonesia's logistics services. The study provides practical insights for logistics companies looking to adopt environmentally sustainable and digitally enhanced operational strategies.