VALIDATION OF INSTRUMENTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF VIRTUAL REALITY–INTEGRATED E-MODULES USING THE CONTENT VALIDITY RATIO AND CONTENT VALIDITY INDEX

Abstract

Valid instruments are a fundamental prerequisite in Educational Design Research because they determine the accuracy of the evaluation of the developed learning products. In the context of 21st-century learning, which emphasizes critical, creative, collaborative, and communicative (4C) skills, e-module– and Virtual Reality (VR)–based learning media must be measured using scientifically validated instruments. This study aimed to validate a set of instruments used in the development of VR-integrated e-modules through the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI) approaches. Five experts, consisting of professors and doctoral scholars in education, learning technology, and digital media, were involved as panelists. The analysis results showed that all instruments achieved CVR = 1.00 and CVI = 1.00, indicating that all indicators were judged to be essential and relevant. These findings demonstrate that the instruments possess very high content validity and are appropriate for evaluating the effectiveness, usability, and contribution of VR-based e-modules to students’ higher-order thinking skills.